Communication Barrier Essay

Introduction Effective communication is an important facet and skills are essential in all spheres oflife. Communication is effective when the stimulus as initiated and intended by the sender, or source, corresponds closely to the stimulus as it is perceived and responded to by the receiver† (Tubbs and Moss, 2006), state . In nursing, every day we have to face to face with patient, we communicate with different people and different patients, so we must endeavour to give effective communication and also an important to counsel them from the usage of words, speed delivery of words, pitch modulation and body language. Effective communication is an essential component for organisation success, whether it is the interpersonal intra group organisation or external levels. Effective communication wills an increases patients and health outcomes of authority (Barlett, Grayson et al. , 1984), Reduces the risk of complaint and litigation of authority (Beckmam, 1994). Communication barrier is when person sends and receives messages that are distorted by noise , ccur within context,have some effect,and providesome opportunity for feedback. (Joseph Devito (2009). Communication is a conversional process of sending message. Communication is important in our life,personal relationship and anywhere. Identifying the barrier to communication is the first step to improving effective communication. if it is unable to communicate his deep are certain obstacles, try to use body languages to convey an effective communication. Discuss in the appropriate place. There are many ways to makesure memorable communication. Communication barrier is what makes communication complexs,difficult,frustrated are the barriers we put in the way. When we talk, we tend to erect barriers that hinder our ability to communicate. There are five of these types of barriers to effective communication. Physical barriers are easy to spot – doors that are closed, walls that are erected, and distance between people all work against the goal of effective communication. Physical communication takes place such as in office, ward, hospital, cafeteria and a public place. Second communication barrier is emotional barrier can be tough to overcome. By believing in yourself and what you have to say, you will be able to communicate clearly without becoming overly involved in your emotions. In the third barriers are cultural, different cultures, whether they be a societal culture of a race and religions which can hinder developed communication if different cultures clash. In these are common cases, in work situations, identifying a problem and coming up with a highly efficient way to solve it can quickly topple any cultural or institutional barriers. Another barriers are Interpersonal barriers, which what ultimately keep us from reaching out to each other, and opening ourselves up, not just to be heard, but also to hear others, this can be the most difficult area to change. They are unable to form genuine connections with people because they have too many false perceptions blocking the way. Luckily, the cure for this is more communication. By engaging with others, we learn what our actual strengths and weaknesses are. This allows us to put forth our ideas in a clear, straightforward manner. And the last barriers are gender have become less of an issue in recent years, but there is still the possibility for a man to misconstrue the words of a woman. Different gender had tended to form thoughts differently and this must be taken into barrier of both genders when communicating. (Christopher Smith II, 2010). Way of Overcoming these barrier When you send a messages,you intend to communicate meaning,but the message itself doesn’t contain meaning. The meaning exists in your mind and in the mind of your receiver. To understand one another,you and your receiver must share similar meanings for words,gestures, tone of voice and other symbols.

Explore F.Scotts Fitzgeralds presentation of class and wealth in The Great Gatsby and The Diamond as Big as the Ritz

Wealth and social class permeate much of F. Scott Fitzgerald's ‘The Great Gatsby' and ‘The Diamond as Big as the Ritz'. Set during the roaring twenties when many people had newly accumulated wealth after the war, both texts seek to explore and satirise the complexities of wealth and social class. They particularly focus on how far people may go to fit into a social class or protect their fortune. Despite ‘The Diamond as Big as the Ritz' being set within the fantasy genre, elements of Fitzgerald's own life run as undercurrents throughout both texts. Fitzgerald's life features heavily in the texts, be it through the characterisation of Nick and Gatsby or the underlying references to his personal experiences. The experiences of the main protagonists' form parallels with Fitzgerald's interactions with the wealthy, both at Princeton and Great Neck and in his relationship with Zelda. ‘The Diamond as Big as the Ritz' satirises the exuberant wealth experienced by Fitzgerald when visiting a Princeton classmate. ‘The Great Gatsby' on the other hand, is more reliant on aspects of Fitzgerald's own life which forms the emotional foundation of the novel. Gatsby's relationship with Daisy mirrors Fitzgerald's turbulent relationship with Zelda who much like Daisy, was regarded as being incredibly materialistic. Gatsby can therefore be seen as a representing Fitzgerald's pursuit of sufficient wealth to support an aristocratic love interest. He does this to the detriment of his artistic integrity which he compromised by writing short stories to fund Zelda's opulent lifestyle. This is mirrored by Gatsby compromising his integrity and personal worth by bootlegging and lying about being the ‘son of some wealthy people in the Middle-West', in order to please Daisy and hopefully gain acceptance. He fails in both these areas. In integrating elements of his personal life, Fitzgerald may be implying that loving someone of a different social class comes with compromises and that one may lose sight of who they are in the process. ‘The Great Gatsby' by virtue of its representations of wealth and class can be seen as a running criticism of the American Dream and America's obsession with wealth amidst the hedonistic culture of the 1920's. The American Dream had originally been founded on the notion that anyone, irrespective of their background could achieve anything in the ‘land of opportunity' if they worked hard enough. Fitzgerald however, believed that the American Dream was just an ‘illusion' and that it had been corrupted by the of pursuit wealth. He consistently challenged the idea of the achievability of the American Dream in ‘The Great Gatsby'. The geographical motifs of East and West Egg embody just how unachievable the American Dream is. This geographical separation may symbolise the hypothetical and literal divides between the nouveau riche who reside in West Egg and aristocrats of East egg, consequently highlighting how they will forever lead separate existences. This gives the impression of the American Dream being highly flawed, as having acquired great wealth does not translate into acceptance for the people of West Egg, who are seen as the social subordinates of the aristocrats of East Egg. This is further established by the behaviour of the guests at Gatsby's party. The people of West Egg lack the refinement, grace and manners of their aristocratic counterparts for whom these traits form the rudiments of their social class. This consequently demonstrates how East and West Egg are separated by more than geographical distance but also by simple things such as social etiquette and fashion choices. Jordan's party (who consist of fellow East Eggers) are ‘spread around a table on the outside of the garden' ‘carefully on guard', emphasising that even within the intimate confines of the party the divide is still apparent and the people of East Egg are reluctant to mix. The corruption of the American Dream is further explored through the main protagonists' initial amazement and delight (early on in the text) at the great wealth they encounter. Fitzgerald employs a myriad of symbolisms, metaphors and similes to depict the sheer luxury and over exuberance of the aristocrats within both texts. Through these devices he is able to satirise the materialistic world the aristocrats inhabit, making it appear outlandish. In ‘The Diamond as Big as the Ritz' John Unger, a boy from Hades with ‘meager standards of living' is ‘amused and delighted', by the luxurious lifestyle Percy and his family lead. When he arrives with Percy they are driven in what Percy dismissively calls a ‘buggy'. However, the reader can extrapolate from John's reaction at the ‘thousand minute tapestries of silk, woven with jewels' that the vehicle is far from an old buggy. In this instance John's amazement may have been employed to paradox Percy's dismissive attitude towards wealth as he refers to the luxurious car as ‘old junk'. Fitzgerald may have used this paradox highlight the hollow nature of the wealthy, whose lives are fueled by consumerism to the extent that they place little value to the possessions everyone else would deem as extraordinary. In ‘The Great Gatsby', Nick is also amazed by the wealth he experiences at the Buchanan home. His first interaction with Daisy and Jordon has a dream like quality to it. When he meets the women they are dressed in white, ‘their dresses rippling and fluttering †¦ a short flight around the house' this gives the women an angelic quality which hints at how Nick is initially drawn in by their great wealth. This surreal and dream like quality of wealth is also reflected in ‘The Diamond as Big as the Ritz' with the depiction of the girl who is dressed like ‘Titania'. In the play, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Titania is the queen of the fairies which Fitzgerald may have used to allude to the magical and mystifying qualities of wealth present within both texts. Conversely, the amazement the main protagonists' initially showcased soon dissipates when they discover the corruptive nature of wealth and the wealthy. Despite the people of East Egg possessing an abundance of grace, elegance and taste (that comes with adhering to the norms of aristocratic society) they lack compassion. The East Eggers are presented as little more than bullies who use their money to alleviate any concerns they have, irrespective of who they hurt in the process. This morally corrupt nature of the rich is explored through the Buchanan's in ‘The Great Gatsby' and the Washingtons' in ‘The Diamond as Big as the Ritz'. The Buchanans' are presented as ‘careless people' who ‘smash[ed] things up' only to retreat back into ‘their vast carelessness'. Their lack of moral fiber is further emphasised when instead of attending Gatsby's funeral they move into a house far away. Fitzgerald may have used the Buchanans' as a moral didactic for the readers to illustrate how wealth can corrupt when one allows themself to become consumed by it. On the other hand, it could represent the unfair nature of capitalist societies whereby the wealthy upper-class can afford to pay for peace of mind. This conflicts with Gatsby whom despite accumulating his wealth through criminality is kind and loving, keeping watch outside Daisy's window to insure Tom does not hurt her, consequently illustrating that wealth alone does not corrupt but when coupled with high social status it can have disastrous effects. Moreover, in both texts religion (which is supposed to strengthen ones moral compass) has been replaced by consumerism. Atrocious things are carried out in the name of wealth in the texts, including murder and imprisonment. These things are written off as a natural pre-requisite of success and expansion. Here Fitzgerald argues that wealth can be its own prison blinding its pursuers, dehumanizing them to the extent that they devalue human life and assume that everyone can be bought. Fitzgerald satirizes the absurd nature of the rich when Mr. Washington tries ‘offering a bribe to God' with a voice immersed in ‘inextinguishable pride'. Ross Posnock, a Marxist writer, praised Fitzgerald in his essay ‘A New World, Material Without Being real' for his presentation of the capitalist society in ‘The Great Gatsby'1. Posnock believed that Fitzgerald had captured the capitalist society's obsession with material wealth and how it leads to people being regarded as little more than object that can be acquired along with capital in order to boost ones social status. Gatsby's vast wardrobe is a ‘heavy defensive wall' consisting of ‘thick silk' and ‘expensive dye' which support the Marxist view of material possessions providing a barrier against hardship which the rich can hide behind. For Gatsby, and many others, material possessions help to protect their status in the same way the ‘invisible cloak' of Gatsby's army uniform had hidden his lower class status when he first met Daisy. In general, the negative portrayal of consumerism in his work has made him very popular with Marxist writers. In conclusion, Fitzgerald uses ‘The Great Gatsby' and ‘The Diamond as Big as Ritz' to highlight the negative elements of wealth and class, whilst particularly emphasising that class roles will never be crossed. Both texts highlight the potential hazards of capitalist societies when one becomes consumed by materialism, placing greater importance on monetary fortune and status than the consequences of their actions. Although Fitzgerald presents both wealth and class in negative lights he reminds the reader that wealth alone does not give way to moral corruption hinting that it is wealth in conjunction with high social class that leads to the decaying of one's moral compass.

Physiology – Rabbit Ileum

The isolated intestinal smooth muscle preparation is one of the classical preparations in physiology and pharmacology for bioassays, or the study of drug action and autonomic control of motility. This preparation is included in many â€Å"in-house† laboratory manuals of various colleges and universities around North America, and in some commercially prepared manuals deal ing with physiology and pharmacology (e. g. Nicpon-Marieb, 1981).Basically, the method presented in this report is a modification of the original Finkleman preparation (Finkleman, 1930) for the study of the autonomic control of intestinal motility. What is different about our approach is the method of mounting the preparation and the method of stimulation of the sympathetic nerve. The classic way of mounting the piece of intestine is to suspend it vertically in a muscle bath between an aeration tube and a recording lever.The problems with this technique are (1) stress placed on the intestine when the chamber i s emptied during the process of changing solutions, and (2) difficulty in stimulating the sympathetic nerve due to the fact that the preparation is totally submerged in a physiological saline solution. We have overcome these problems by mounting the segments of gut horizontally in a shallow muscle bath. As a result, less stress is placed on the intestine during changeover of solutions, and it is easier to manipulate and to stimulate the sympathetic nerve contained within the mesentery.Also students find i t much easier to mount the preparation in the horizontal bath and are less likely to stretch the muscle preparation in the process. With these modifications we have improved the student success rate from 50-60% to 90-100%. Large recordings of the muscle contraction, such as those shown in Appendix A, are easily obtainable using a kymograph and simple lever system. In fact, another advantage of this exercise is that it does not require expensive recording equipment.

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Health care - Essay Example The judge declared parts of Affordable Health Care Act inconsistent with the intentions of the constitution which guarantees all citizens the right to choose, therefore, according to the judge, the act was unconstitutional. In his ruling, Federal Judge Henry Hudson hinged his judgment on whether the government the mandate to force every individual citizen to purchase health insurance. Based on this opinion, the federal judge rejected the government's argument that to purchase health insurance was a form of tax. The judge noted that in putting in place the Affordable Health Care Act, the act’s regulatory scheme was conceived as an application of Commerce Clause powers. The federal judge rejected any attempt to stretch the Commerce Clause in order to allow the government mandate the insurance purchases, claiming that such a move would open the gate to unrestrained federal power. For the federal government’s penalty due to noncompliance to be effective under the law, the j udge opines that it must aim to affect a legitimate exercise of the Commerce Clause. Further, Federal Judge Henry Hudson sees the Affordable Health Care Act being about more that the issue of designing a scheme of universal health insurance coverage or regulation of insurance business. According to the judge, the core of the matter is an individual's right to choose to take part in the scheme. Support his stand, the federal judge notes that the Constitution had given congress specific powers. Therefore, the judge claims that power that the constitution does not give the federal government is reserved to the states while those not outlawed are reserved to the citizens. Even as Federal Judge Henry Hudson declared the Affordable Health Care Act unconstitutional, Judge George Caram Steeh found the act constitutional in the ruling of the Thomas More Law Center v. Obama case in which the judge gave an order denying plaintiff’s motion. In his opinion, Judge Steeh noted that a refusa l to get insurance amounted to an example of an activity that affect interstate commerce to a large extend. According to the judge, those who selects not to get insurance cover have in effect, made an active decision to pay for their medical expenses from their pockets. This decision, the judge added, had an impact on taxpayers, health care providers, and the insured citizens who will have to foot the bill for those who do not take insurance cover. Further, Judge Steeh claim although the matter on constitutionality of the Affordable Health Care Act presented an issue of first impression, there was a rational ground to make conclusions that decisions not to take insurance cover increased the cost of coverage, therefore affecting interstate commerce. From the point of views presented by Federal Judge Henry Hudson and judge Steeh, it is my opinion that Federal Judge Henry Hudson presents a better argument. The government should recognize its citizen’s right of choice. To penaliz e those that do not take the insurance cover is paramount to dictating to them the kind of medicine they should take when they get sick. People have the right to decide the kind of treatment they need and at what time. Although it is a noble effort that would guarantee medical service to many deserving citizens, the federal government, through the Affordable Health Care Act has no legal right to force citizens to take medical cover. If the

Critique of Aristotle's Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Critique of Aristotle's Politics - Essay Example In each of these types of governance, he gives the sound and the bad. According to Aristotle, the philosopher king is the ideal governance. In this form, the kings’ interest is in the welfare of his people (Tacitus & Benario 18). The highest form of governance is the monarchy. It is hereditary in nature, and people can associate freely with the royal family. In a monarchy, the interests of the nation take priority above all other matters. When the respectable leadership of a monarchy becomes rogue, Aristotle terms it as tyranny. When leadership becomes self seeking the citizens of this state, suffers thus; cannot achieve happiness (Chuska 277). Aristotle considers aristocracy of philosophers to be the second best leadership. When this form of leadership gets crooked, it becomes oligarchy. Further, he views democracy as the worst form of leadership. In his opinion, the third best form of leadership is one whose polity would combine all the noble forms of leadership. According to Aristotle, a polity is a constitution. Aristotle is of the opinion that, for a polity to be viable, it has to consider the stability and security of its people. The aristocracy as Aristotle puts it is the rule of several. When a virtuous rule of law prevails the society enjoys solidity. In this rule, the needs of the wealthy get priority while the rest of the population gets neglected. This brings about class division, and discrimination on the basis of riches. The elite in the society protect and guard their status making it difficult to join the elite group from low class people. According to Aristotle, who was advocating for fairness, elitism in the society is wrong (Chuska 278). Polity is the rule of the majority. This is what Aristotle refers to as the rule of many. In the better form, it concerns with the needy. The leaders take office through an election. It is the citizens of the state who decide the person

Homework policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homework policy - Essay Example Positive social interaction encourages learners to communicate with one another. The homework policy adopted by Mr. Collet encourages positive social interaction in numerous ways. Some of those ways include preparation of students in advance by encouraging them to buy student’s planner. The use of planners assists in proper time management for students as well as enabling them to have an effective balanced study in all their subjects (Pandey, 2005). Second grade students are very interactive and feel appreciated when their teacher identifies any effort they make. Using a planner Mr. Collet will be able to track all activities done by each student. Mr. collet will use the planner to gauge the attentiveness of the student by checking on how the student updates his/her planner. In case the planner has not been well updated, the teacher continuously monitors the activities of the student. Through the monitoring, the performance of the student will enhance since he will not like th e teacher to keep monitoring him. The planner will also act as a reminder to the students on the take-home assignment. Students following the information in the planners will enhance their social interaction with Mr. Collet. Explaining assignment to a second grade student verbally creates conducive environment for Mr. Collet and the students. The students will ask for clarification in case, the instructions are not clear. By so doing the teacher and students develop a strong bond towards each other.

International Business Marketing Case Analysi Essay

International Business Marketing Case Analysi - Essay Example The company is headed by David Glass and Don Soderquist who are concerned about company’s performance and its adverse impact on the stock value and some other challenges faced by the corporation such as labor unions, discrimination and cost controversies. Wal-Mart’s major competitors are Kmart, Sears and most importantly Target which is also a firmly established company in the United States with around 1500 stores in 47 States.. Wal-Mart has always stayed ahead of the market through its heavy investment in technology and through its diversification of products which has improved the efficiency and effectiveness of work. Its strengths outweighs its weaknesses and there are a lot of opportunities for the company to grow further. In order to regain its stock performance the company has to re evaluate its strategies and come up with an effective plan. Gain public support and invest in public relations, resolve the discontent and clear misunderstandings among the consumers related to work and the reputation of the company. The company should increase their customer base by changing their store formats by focusing on demographics. Keep the employee morale high and continue with the Sam Walton’s policies and style of leadership. Wal-Mart is the world’s largest public corporation and the leading business enterprise and grocery retailer in the United States till this day. Its head quarters are based in Bentonville, Arkansas. It has gained phenomenal success in the retailing business since the year 1962 when it was founded by Sam Walton, the man behind the success of this brand. It was Sam’s capability and leadership qualities that he laid the foundation of Wal-Mart so strong that his practices and values are being followed even today by the team of Wal-Mart headed by David Glass and Don Soderquist, the CEO and the COO who have been successful in living up to the expectations of Walton by bringing tremendous success to the corporation in the form of

Sustainability and environmental issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sustainability and environmental issues - Essay Example I think the fundamental definitions of sustainability need to be changed in such a way that they relate to all key aspects of development instead of relating only to such activities that point towards individual comfort. Principles of sustainability appear to be more multifaceted and flexible as compared to livability principles which appear to be focused towards some key aspects of development. Social equity is the central theme of the principles of sustainability. Most of the principles revolve around such activities that ensure gender and social equity. â€Å"Sustainability is focused on the future as well as the present, and in particular the ability to sustain human society† (Sanford 2012, p. 1). On the other hand, livability principles describe the varied aspects of surroundings, society, and shared experiences that form a society. They are focused towards improving human wellbeing, and promote efforts to improve economy, environment, and human life. The comparison of th e principles of sustainability and livability principles reveal that sustainable development is all about fulfillment of basic needs of people and about ensuring that future generations can also benefit from political and social development. Sustainable development interconnects society, economy, and the environment. Sustainability focuses on meeting human needs without damaging the environment for future generations. It also focuses on improving the quality of life through technology without polluting the environment. On the other hand, livability is about interconnecting quality and transportation facilities for increasing opportunities for people. Some of those opportunities include quality schools and colleges, affordable housing, access to employment opportunities, and safe streets (Sanford 2012). Through comparing the principles of sustainability and livability principles, I would say that the principles of livability can be improved by aligning them with the framework of sust ainability. It will not only make livability principles more dynamic and varied, but also it will help people is developing an equity-based society where there is no difference between individuals and efforts of every person is geared towards bringing improvement in economy and social and political environments using livability guidelines. This alignment of the goals of sustainability with the principles of livability will also allow for an integrated planning framework which can be used for meeting the guidelines of both livability and sustainability (Sanford 2012). Sustainable Development Retrieved from http://insightto-energy.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.html The principles of sustainability cover all key aspects of a strong society, such as, use of appropriate technology, building cultural and spiritual sensitivity, improving national sovereignty, reducing gender discrimination, ensuring peace and national unity, and strengthening democracy and institutional viability. On the other hand, the definitions of livability can be aligned with the principles of sustainability to build a dynamic social, political, and economic environment. I think it would be useful to change the fundamental definitions of sustainability into ones that are more understandable and relate to local aspects because it will add to social stability and economic prosperity. â€Å"

Violence in hockey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Violence in hockey - Research Paper Example On January 17, 2010, Sunday, the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League marked a hideous, aggressive, brutal, and deliberate elbow violently given to head of Mikael Tam of Quebec Ramparts who was smacked down to ice trembling and did not even breathe for 30 seconds. (Mahari, 2010) On January 2, 2009, Whitby Dunlops, a senior AAA hockey player, who was a defenseman, died after going through a severe coma for three weeks in Ontario, Canada. He hit his head on the ice when falling on it in an awkward manner whilst he was engaged in a fight and lost his helmet in a game in December 2008. Hockey is one of the best games but these brutal acts are mitigating its fun. Head shots are basically attacks from one player to another and are just claimed to be part of the game. This discussion has always been part of the sports world and is still prevalent. Players’ helmets’ should be fastened and should be part of safety precaution. (Mahari, 2010) Violence has been part of hockey’s culture for decades now. Fightings have been part of the game and so is approval of â€Å"good penalty†; officers’ disrespect, frightening behavior of players towards each other and anti-social role model behavior have been accepted as well. Why are these well accepted? Why have we made it part of our game and life when these are atrocious acts? (Pascall & White, 2000) As the game’s attractiveness changed over time an augmented exposure for redundant hostility, fighting and violence grew within the game. As an outcome, the cost of violence has been very severe in this sport. There have been incidents of concussion, head injury and spinal disturbance. Athletes are frequently exposed to preventable and less severe injuries. (Pascall & White, 2000) Head shot injuries should either be banned or completely eradicated from the game as a remedy for violence. The British Columbian government is trying to tackle this issue via SPORTSafe Program. This was

Western Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Western Culture - Research Paper Example Culture is inherent in a society, and that culture affects and influences the way that particular society conducts its business( Henry 1999 ). Due to the advent of globalization, companies have sought overseas operations to expand their market as well as gain from trade agreements. More so, the availability of cheap labor has attracted multinationals to invest in Southeast Asia ( Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia), especially in China. However, issues in organizational behavior always resurface as western methods of management are fitted into Asian culture. In order to prevent this misunderstanding, it would be best to identify critical issues in business culture. An important model in understanding business culture was developed by Geert Hofstede. He firmly believed that a misunderstanding of business culture can have tragic consequences for companies (which was the case of Wal-Mart ) resulting to great financial loss . Hofstede’s statement is clear â€Å"Culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster†. The case which I would present is about the reflections of a consultant of one of Ohio’s oldest manufacturer of metal parts. The American business owner established a small business in China along with a Chinese business partner. The case is not really about total failure of a western business in China, rather, a few adjustments have to be made to be able to survive within the Chinese business culture. One problem that was specifically observed by westerners is the Chinese optimist attitude of â€Å" NO Problem† which seems refreshing to a westerner. However, the westerner only realizes later that there is indeed a presence of seemingly insurmountable problems which should be resolved later on. To be more specific : One of the first American business owners whom the Cunningham’s met in Changzhou warned them to expect that at the

China Versus India Economic Growth Research Paper

China Versus India Economic Growth - Research Paper Example In terms of per capita GDP, India is way behind China with only $1124 compared to China’s $7518. (Runckel, 2002) China has a remarkably well developed infrastructural system. A number of prime factors that have developed a vast difference between the two countries’ economies, this include; labor development, manpower, water management, communication, healthcare services and facilities and also civic amenities (Zeng & Bigsten, 2006). All these key aspects become clearly defined in China, a nation that has placed positive impacts in the country's economy turning it to a leading in the world (Runckel, 2002). Although India has in the recent times grown and developed tremendously, it still faces problems such as unemployment, poverty, lack of civic amenities and many more. Unlike India, China has continued investing large amounts toward the development of manpower and strengthening of its infrastructure (Chow, 2001). Furthermore, in the sector of manufacturing, China is way ahead of India. In terms of world rankings, China is the third largest nation in manufacturing just behind America and Japan (InternationalMonetaryFund, 2006). India is at the distant 12th and this point out to the fact that its success in expanding the nation’s service industry is yet to be seen in the sector of manufacturing (Zeng & Bigsten, 2006). China was quick in embracing globalization and other open market economies. While the liberalization of India’s policies started in the early 1990s, China had by the mid 1980s welcomed Direct Foreign Investment and also private investment (Chow, 2001). This introduced a significant change in the country’s economy and its Gross Domestic Product increased considerably (Zeng & Bigsten, 2006) Nevertheless, India enjoys a large upper hand over China in the sector of IT/ BPO (Runckel, 2002). India’s documented earnings from the BPO sector in 2010 alone were $49.7 billion, while China’s earnings were $35.76 billion (InternationalMonetaryFund, 2006). In the world’s top ten BPO list, seven India cities feature prominently while only a single city from China is on the list (Runckel, 2002). Also, despite China being one of the Socialist countries, it started towards the match to liberalization of its economy way ahead of India. This strengthened its economy to a great deal (InternationalMonetaryFund, 2006). China is also lagging behind India in tax incentives. Its capital market lags behind India’s capital market in terms of transparency and predictability (Zeng & Bigsten, 2006). India’s stock market is highly transparent and predictable. India possesses Asia’s oldest stock exchange, The Bombay Stock Exchange. China is home to both Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange (Zeng & Bigsten, 2006). As far as the issue of capitalization gets concerned, Bombay Stock Exchange is smaller than Shanghai Stock Exchange. Shanghai Stock Exchange holds $1.7 trillion with about 8 49 listed companies while Bombay Stock Exchange owns $1 trillion with close to 4833 listed companies (InternationalMonetaryFund, 2006).  In spite the size that makes the two different, BSE operates on the principles of global guidelines and is highly stable because of the quality of the listed corporations (Runckel, 2002). Over the years, both these two

Manifestation of human culture Essay Example for Free

Manifestation of human culture Essay This statement provides for us the conjoining philosophy of Joseph Gobineau and Adolf Hitler. These men firmly believed that anything that was wrong with the world in general, and their societies or governments in particular could be traced directly to the infusion of other race types with the Aryan race. In his book, The Inequality of Human Races, Gobineau sets out in the fourth chapter to show that the degeneration of the blood or race of a group of people who found a government or society is the reason why that government or society will fail. He does not fully reject the philosophy of his ancestors that certain things like lawlessness and irreligion play a part in the fall of the society, but he teaches that the greater issue is the degenerative effects that intermingling of race types has on the main societal people.

Nature Of Managerial Work Business Essay

Nature Of Managerial Work Business Essay The verb manage comes from the Italian maneggiare to handle especially tools, which in turn derives from the Latin manus (hand). The French word mesnagement (later mà ©nagement) influenced the development in meaning of the English word management in the 17th and 18th centuries.[1] Some definitions of management are: Organization and coordination of the activities of an enterprise in accordance with certain policies and in achievement of clearly defined objectives. Management is often included as a factor of production along with machines, materials and money. According to the management guru Peter Drucker (1909-2005), the basic task of a management is twofold: marketing and innovation. Directors and managers have the power and responsibility to make decisions to manage an enterprise when given the authority by the shareholders. As a discipline, management comprises the interlocking functions of formulating corporate policy and organizing, planning, controlling, and directing the firms resources to achieve the policys objectives. The size of management can range from one person in a small firm to hundreds or thousands of managers in multinational companies. In large firms the board of directors formulates the policy which is implemented by the chief executive officer. [edit] Theoretical scope At first, one views management functionally, such as measuring quantity, adjusting plans, meeting goals. This applies even in situations planning does not take place. From this perspective, Henri Fayol (1841-1925)[2] considers management to consist of six functions: forecasting, planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. He was one of the most influential contributors to modern concepts of management. Another way of thinking, Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933), defined management as the art of getting things done through people. She described management as philosophy.[3] Some people, however, find this definition useful but far too narrow. The phrase management is what managers do occurs widely, suggesting the difficulty of defining management, the shifting nature of definitions and the connection of managerial practices with the existence of a managerial cadre or class. One habit of thought regards management as equivalent to business administration and thus excludes management in places outside commerce, as for example in charities and in the public sector. More realistically, however, every organization must manage its work, people, processes, technology, etc. to maximize effectiveness. Nonetheless, many people refer to university departments which teach management as business schools. Some institutions (such as the Harvard Business School) use that name while others (such as the Yale School of Management) employ the more inclusive term management. English speakers may also use the term management or the management as a collective word describing the managers of an organization, for example of a corporation. Historically this use of the term was often contrasted with the term Labor referring to those being managed. [edit] Nature of managerial work In for-profit work, management has as its primary function the satisfaction of a range of stakeholders. This typically involves making a profit (for the shareholders), creating valued products at a reasonable cost (for customers) and providing rewarding employment opportunities (for employees). In nonprofit management, add the importance of keeping the faith of donors. In most models of management/governance, shareholders vote for the board of directors, and the board then hires senior management. Some organizations have experimented with other methods (such as employee-voting models) of selecting or reviewing managers; but this occurs only very rarely. In the public sector of countries constituted as representative democracies, voters elect politicians to public office. Such politicians hire many managers and administrators, and in some countries like the United States political appointees lose their jobs on the election of a new president/governor/mayor. [edit] Historical development Difficulties arise in tracing the history of management. Some see it (by definition) as a late modern (in the sense of late modernity) conceptualization. On those terms it cannot have a pre-modern history, only harbingers (such as stewards). Others, however, detect management-like-thought back to Sumerian traders and to the builders of the pyramids of ancient Egypt. Slave-owners through the centuries faced the problems of exploiting/motivating a dependent but sometimes unenthusiastic or recalcitrant workforce, but many pre-industrial enterprises, given their small scale, did not feel compelled to face the issues of management systematically. However, innovations such as the spread of Arabic numerals (5th to 15th centuries) and the codification of double-entry book-keeping (1494) provided tools for management assessment, planning and control. Given the scale of most commercial operations and the lack of mechanized record-keeping and recording before the industrial revolution, it made sense for most owners of enterprises in those times to carry out management functions by and for themselves. But with growing size and complexity of organizations, the split between owners (individuals, industrial dynasties or groups of shareholders) and day-to-day managers (independent specialists in planning and control) gradually became more common. [edit] Early writing While management has been present for millennia, several writers have created a background of works that assisted in modern management theories.[4] [edit] Sun Tzus The Art of War Written by Chinese general Sun Tzu in the 6th century BC, The Art of War is a military strategy book that, for managerial purposes, recommends being aware of and acting on strengths and weaknesses of both a managers organization and a foes.[4] [edit] Chanakyas Arthashastra Chanakya wrote the Arthashastra around 300BC in which various strategies, techniques and management theories were written which gives an account on the management of empires, economy and family. The work is often compared to the later works of Machiavelli. [edit] Niccolà ² Machiavellis The Prince Believing that people were motivated by self-interest, Niccolà ² Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513 as advice for the city of Florence, Italy.[5] Machiavelli recommended that leaders use fear-but not hatred-to maintain control. [edit] Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations Written in 1776 by Adam Smith, a Scottish moral philosopher, The Wealth of Nations aims for efficient organization of work through Specialization of labor.[5] Smith described how changes in processes could boost productivity in the manufacture of pins. While individuals could produce 200 pins per day, Smith analyzed the steps involved in manufacture and, with 10 specialists, enabled production of 48,000 pins per day.[5] [edit] 19th century Classical economists such as Adam Smith (1723-1790) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) provided a theoretical background to resource-allocation, production, and pricing issues. About the same time, innovators like Eli Whitney (1765-1825), James Watt (1736-1819), and Matthew Boulton (1728-1809) developed elements of technical production such as standardization, quality-control procedures, cost-accounting, interchangeability of parts, and work-planning. Many of these aspects of management existed in the pre-1861 slave-based sector of the US economy. That environment saw 4 million people, as the contemporary usages had it, managed in profitable quasi-mass production. [edit] 20th century By about 1900 one finds managers trying to place their theories on what they regarded as a thoroughly scientific basis (see scientism for perceived limitations of this belief). Examples include Henry R. Townes Science of management in the 1890s, Frederick Winslow Taylors The Principles of Scientific Management (1911), Frank and Lillian Gilbreths Applied motion study (1917), and Henry L. Gantts charts (1910s). J. Duncan wrote the first college management textbook in 1911. In 1912 Yoichi Ueno introduced Taylorism to Japan and became first management consultant of the Japanese-management style. His son Ichiro Ueno pioneered Japanese quality assurance. The first comprehensive theories of management appeared around 1920. The Harvard Business School offered the first Master of Business Administration degree (MBA) in 1921. People like Henri Fayol (1841-1925) and Alexander Church described the various branches of management and their inter-relationships. In the early 20th century, people like Ordway Tead (1891-1973), Walter Scott and J. Mooney applied the principles of psychology to management, while other writers, such as Elton Mayo (1880-1949), Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933), Chester Barnard (1886-1961), Max Weber (1864-1920), Rensis Likert (1903-1981), and Chris Argyris (1923 ) approached the phenomenon of management from a sociological perspective. Peter Drucker (1909-2005) wrote one of the earliest books on applied management: Concept of the Corporation (published in 1946). It resulted from Alfred Sloan (chairman of General Motors until 1956) commissioning a study of the organisation. Drucker went on to write 39 books, many in the same vein. H. Dodge, Ronald Fisher (1890-1962), and Thornton C. Fry introduced statistical techniques into management-studies. In the 1940s, Patrick Blackett combined these statistical theories with microeconomic theory and gave birth to the science of operations research. Operations research, sometimes known as management science (but distinct from Taylors scientific management), attempts to take a scientific approach to solving management problems, particularly in the areas of logistics and operations. Some of the more recent[update] developments include the Theory of Constraints, management by objectives, reengineering, Six Sigma and various information-technology-driven theories such as agile software development, as well as group management theories such as Cogs Ladder. As the general recognition of managers as a class solidified during the 20th century and gave perceived practitioners of the art/science of management a certain amount of prestige, so the way opened for popularised systems of management ideas to peddle their wares. In this context many management fads may have had more to do with pop psychology than with scientific theories of management. Towards the end of the 20th century, business management came to consist of six separate branches, namely: Human resource management Operations management or production management Strategic management Marketing management Financial management Information technology management responsible for management information systems [edit] 21st century In the 21st century observers find it increasingly difficult to subdivide management into functional categories in this way. More and more processes simultaneously involve several categories. Instead, one tends to think in terms of the various processes, tasks, and objects subject to management. Branches of management theory also exist relating to nonprofits and to government: such as public administration, public management, and educational management. Further, management programs related to civil-society organizations have also spawned programs in nonprofit management and social entrepreneurship. Note that many of the assumptions made by management have come under attack from business ethics viewpoints, critical management studies, and anti-corporate activism. As one consequence, workplace democracy has become both more common, and more advocated, in some places distributing all management functions among the workers, each of whom takes on a portion of the work. However, these models predate any current political issue, and may occur more naturally than does a command hierarchy. All management to some degree embraces democratic principles in that in the long term workers must give majority support to management; otherwise they leave to find other work, or go on strike. Despite the move toward workplace democracy, command-and-control organization structures remain commonplace and the de facto organization structure. Indeed, the entrenched nature of command-and-control can be seen in the way that recent layoffs have been conducted with management ranks affected far less than employees at the lower levels. In some cases, management has even rewarded itself with bonuses after laying off level workers.[6] According to leading leadership academic Manfred F.R. Kets de Vries, its almost inevitable these days that there will be some personality disorders in a senior management team.[7]

War on Iraq article in high school newspaper :: essays research papers

At 7:12PM on Wednesday, March19, 2003, President Bush authorized a full-scale war on Iraq and the Saddam Hussein led regime by uttering just two simple words. â€Å"Let’s go,† President George W. Bush said to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfield Wednesday at the close of a nearly four-hour meeting in the Oval Office. The war on Iraq, which has been given the title â€Å"Operation: Iraqi Freedom†, is the result of months of Hussein’s refusal to let United Nations weapons inspectors into Iraq. The U.N. suspects that Hussein has been building and harboring â€Å"weapons of mass destruction† into Iraq. This problem goes as far back as the early ‘90’s when former President Bush initiated the Gulf War on account of very similar issues. Aside from not letting U.N. inspectors into Iraq, Hussein has been a brutal dictator towards his own people for the better part of a decade. President Bush says that one of the main objectives of winning this wa r is to completely rebuild Iraq and make it a safe place for people to live. To do this, the American troops must take Hussein out of power. The beginning of the war was preceded by a forty-eight hour period that President Bush had given Hussein for a chance to comply with the U.N. and avoid war. President Bush’s final attempts at peace were not accepted and he began what the Pentagon is calling a â€Å"decapitation attack†. More than forty satellite-guided Tomahawk cruise missiles were fired from U.S. warships in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. In the days soon afterward, American troops advanced into Iraq and launched a head-on attack towards Iraq’s capital city of Baghdad. Iraqi officials reported that only in the first two days of these attacks, that seventy-two missiles had hit Baghdad, killing four Iraqi officials. Another school year is coming to a close, as is a chapter in the senior class of 2003’s lives. As the excitement escalades and the dream of leaving high school is becoming more and more of a reality, the seniors are realizing that their senior year is different from previous senior classes. They are graduating during a time of war, a time that could possibly be on of the biggest events in their lives. They will all be affected by it, some of them might be in it, and none of them will forget it. â€Å"I will remember this senior year, and time of war, as I have remembered a specific passage from the book of Ezekial.

George W. Russell (AE Æ),- His Life, Paintings and Impact on Irish Cult

George W. Russell (AE Æ),- His Life, Paintings and Impact on Irish Culture Introduction George William Russell (Æ), poet, painter, statesman and friend of many. George Russell definitely was all of those things. But why is it that I, a visiting student from the far North, takes such an interest in a man who despite his greatness not many people outside Ireland has heard of. When asked about visual arts in Ireland, names like Jack Yeats, Paul Henry and James Barry might be heard but only people with a deep interest in Irish culture will also mention George W. Russell, or Æ as he is more commonly known. But Æ Russell was, and still is, Irish culture, which is what I will try to prove to you with this paper. My first encounter with Æ Russell was when I heard about one of the greatest love stories ever heard, the Irish legend about Deirdre and Naisi. Æ Russell took this tale and made it into a play, the one and only play he would ever write, published in 1901 under the name â€Å"Deirdre†. The mythological tales has always been a keen interest to me and to learn that Æ Russell wrote plays, poems and painted pictures with mythological content, sure was a true excitement for me. But to get a better understanding of what kind of man Æ Russell was and what he had done for Irish culture I embarked on a cultural trip around Dublin. I started off by going to the Oriel Gallery a Clare Street to see some of his paintings. My next step was a visit to 3 Upper Ely Place (behind Saint Stephen’s Green), a place where Æ Russell lived between 1891 and 1898 (1897) and one of two places in Dublin where you still can see an original mural signed Æ Russell. Sadly, a lot of his other murals on Dublin walls has been torn down, taking an important part of cultural heritage away with it. Lastly I visited the Mount Jerome Cemetery (Harold’s Cross) where Æ Russell is buried. All this, together with my own strong interest in mythology, made this cultural â€Å"journey† in Æ Russell footsteps a pure pleasure. George â€Å"Ɔ Russell, the man George William Russell, son and one of three children of Tomas Elias Russell & Marianne Russell (formerly Armstrong), was born in William Street, Lurgan, County Armagh on the 10:th of April 1867. At the age of 11, the family moved to Emorville Avenue in Dublin where in 1880 George Russell enrolled in the Art School on Kildare Street. At the age of 16, George Ru... ... the â€Å"human†. As of today, that favorite of mine goes for about IR £ 8.500 but that in my view is a small price for such a work of excellence. It is also a part of Irish culture as it was 100 years ago; and still is†¦.. 1. â€Å"Neptunes Daughters† (Original size: 16† x 21â€Å") 2. â€Å"A Vision in the Glade† (15 ½Ã¢â‚¬  x 21†) 3. â€Å"Trailing Clouds of Glory† (18 ½Ã¢â‚¬  x 24†) 4. â€Å"Neptunes Angels† (21† x 32†) 5. â€Å"The Young W.B. Inscribed and Dated 1897† (17† x 14†) References: Main Publications: Davis, R.B., 1977, George William Russell (â€Å"AE†). George Prior Publishers, London, England. Denson, A., 1961, George W. Russell (Æ) – A Bibliography. Northwestern University Press, New Jersey, U.S.A. Kain, R.M. & O’Brien, J.H., 1976, George Russell (Æ). Bucknell University Press, Lewisburg, U.S.A. Other publications: Nulty, O., 1989, George Russell – Æ â€ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦at The Oriel’s, 21st Anniversary. The Oriel Gallery, Dublin, Ireland. Smythe, C., 1988, The Descent of the Gods – The mystical writings of G. W. Russell – Æ. By: Michael Arrhenius University: Jà ¶nkà ¶ping International Business School, Sweden. Class: Irish Culture Instructor: Mr. Smyth Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), Aungier Street, March 2000.

The Diary of Anne Frank Essay examples -- English Literature

The Diary of Anne Frank In this project, I will be comparing the life of Anne Frank to mine. Firstly, I will give a brief timeline of the main events that took place in her lifetime. Then I will begin to compare the various aspects of her life to mine. Finally, I will draw up a conclusion. Annelies Marie Frank was born in Frankfurt, Germany, just 60 years before I was, 1929. During the first three years of her life, The Great Depression happened. The National Socialist Party began to gain support. In 1933, Hitler was made Chancellor. This was the same year that Otto Frank and his family moved to Holland. A year later Anne began school and in 1935 â€Å"Juden Verboten† (â€Å"No Jews†) appeared on signs in restaurants and shops all over Germany. Later that year, the Nuremburg Laws were introduced. I can’t imagine what it would be like to know that I wasn’t wanted in my home country. This was only the first hurdle for Anne, many were yet to come. Before Anne was thirteen, she had been sent to a special school because of her religion and World War II had started. When Anne’s thirteenth birthday came, she received a diary that changed the way millions of people now think. A month later, her sister, Margot was called to report to a transit camp. It was then that Otto Frank saw the sign he needed to take the family into hiding. They were in a secret annexe above the Opekta-Works in Amsterdam. Altogether with the Van Daan family and Mr Dussel the dentist there was eleven people. Through the two years they were in hiding, millions of Jews were being taken to concentration camps to be killed. Anne lived in constant fear. August 1944, the group in hiding are betrayed and split up into various concentration camps, ... ...could come down and have hour long conversations with people I’ve never met before. Hearing what Anne went through though makes me wonder how a seemingly insignificant book kept her sane and positive for that amount of time. August 4th, 1944. Just sixty years ago this year, the eleven were betrayed. Nazi soldiers came storming up and took away everyone in the room. They all went to concentration camps like Auschwitz. After a month they were all separated, after a year ten were dead. This makes me angry, the fact that they managed to stay alive for so long to be killed anyway, because of one man. Hitler. The story of Anne Frank shows to me that the authority Hitler had made a fourteen yr old girl physically break down. The story shows just how oppression is converted into depression. The pressure in her mind was released by conferring with her diary.

International approaches to learning Essay

E1. Provide an explanation of three different international approaches to learning. One international approach to learning is Forest Schools. A Forest School is an outdoor education in which the children who attend get the opportunity to visit forest and woodland areas and develop different skills such as, personal, social and technical skills. Forest Schools offer children and young people the opportunity to develop their confidence through hands-on learning in a woodland environment. Forest Schools are also a unique way of building independence and self-esteem in children and young people. â€Å"Forest Schools aim to develop a greater understanding of their own natural and man-made environments, a wide range of physical skills, social communication skills, independence and a positive mental attitude, self-esteem and confidence.† Carolyn Meggitt, 2012, Childcare and Education, London, Hodder Education Another international approach to learning is The Maria Montessori Approach . The Montessori Approach is an educational approach created by a woman called Maria Montessori. Montessori education is focused on a motivated aim: To aid the child’s development into a complete adult human being, comfortable with themselves, the community and everyone around them. The Montessori Method to education is a child-centered educational process based on scientific observations of children from birth to adulthood. This approach values the human spirit and the development of the whole child – physical, social, emotional, cognitive. â€Å"Montessori education offers children opportunities to develop their potential as they step out into the world as engaged, competent, responsible and respectful citizens with an understanding and appreciation that learning is for life†. http://amshq.org/Montessori-Education/Introduction-to-Montessori/Benefits-of-Montessori Another international approach to learning is The Steiner Approach. The Steiner Approach to education was formed by Rudolf Steiner who was an Australian philosopher. When it came to education, Rudolf Steiner believed in developing the whole person. â€Å"The education approach differs from mainstream education in several ways. For a start, Steiner schools put a strong emphasis on the important of spiritual values and social skills and the teaching method is based on a balance of intellectual, practical and artistic teaching†. Physical skills is considered as important too and they use dance to help the children’s development. Steiner as considered color as important especially for helping the children with their imagination skills.  In Steiner Schools, children tend to have the same teacher from the age of six or seven until the age of fourteen and in each class there will be a mix of different age groups. E2. Choose one international approach from E1 and give reasons for your choice. The international approach to children’s learning which interests me the most is the Forest School approach. The reason I have chosen this approach is because E3. Explain the background to the approach you have chosen and write about it. Philosophers, naturalists and educators in Europe and the UK such as Wordsworth, Ruskin, Baden Powell, Leslie Paul, Kurt Hahn, Susan Issacs and the Macmillan Sisters all laid the foundations for what is known as Forest Schools today. Forest Schools were originally based on a rich heritage of outdoor learning going back to the 19th century. Forest schools originated in Sweden in the 1950’s as a way of teaching children about the natural world. Denmark adopted the idea of Forest Schools and it became an important part of early year’s provision. The Forest School concept was then brought to England in 1993 by the staff of Bridgewater, Somerset after an exchange visit to Denmark. Forest Schools have had a huge impact on children within the UK. Forest Schools have made differences in children’s confidence; the children have the freedom, time and space to learn and develop independence. Seen differences in their social skills; the children have learned to gain awareness of the consequences of their actions on other children through different activities, for example sharing tools and playing with one another. Differences have been seen in communication; the language development has been supported by the sensory activities children have been taking part in. Seen differences in their physical skills; these improvements were characterized by the development of physical stamina and gross and fine motor skills. Also, differences were seen in their knowledge and understanding; the children and developed interests with the environment and natural surrounding which meant they were willing to learn more and they gained respect for the environment. E4. Describe the key principles of your chosen approach. Forest Schools have six main key principles. The first one is ‘A Forest School is a long-term process of frequent and regular sessions in a woodland or natural environment, rather than a one-off visit. Planning, adaptation, observations and reviewing are integral elements of Forest School.’ This means that the same group of learners should ideally attend a Forest School at least once every other week and continue to do so for a long period of time. A Forest School programme has a structure which is based on the observations and joint work between learners and practitioners. This will show progression of their learning. The early sessions of any programme begin to form physical and behavioural boundaries as well as making their first observations on which to base future programme development. The second key principle is ‘Forest School takes place in a woodland or natural wooded environment to support the development of a relationship between the learner and the natu ral world’. This means that the woodland area is ideal for the Forest School practice and the individual needs of learners as it provides them with space and the environment in which they are able to explore and discover. This links to The EYFS – A unique child – play and exploration. Forest School aims to develop relationships with nature through regular personal experiences in order to develop long-term practices in staff and learners and the wider community. Also Forest Schools uses natural resources for inspiration, to enable ideas and to encourage key motivation. The third key principle is ‘Forest School aims to promote the holistic development of all those involved, fostering resilient, confident, independent and creative learners’. Holistic development means to develop everything†¦ their physical, social, cognitive, verbal, emotional, artistic, creative skills and spiritual aspects as well. The Forest School leader/practitioner will also try a link Forest School experiences to the children’s home and school life. The fourth key principle is ‘Forest School offers learners the opportunity to take supported risks appropriate to the environment and to th emselves’. This means that the Forest School leaders provide the children with sharp tools and allow them to build fires when under supervision; this allows the children to take safe risks and learn how to use these tools properly providing them with lifelong skills. Any Forest School experience follows a Risk–Benefit process managed by the practitioner and the child that is personalised to the developmental stage of the child. This also means that  Forest School opportunities are aimed to build on the individual’s motivation and positive attitudes and interests of the children. The fifth key concept is ‘Forest School is run by qualified Forest School practitioners who continuously maintain and develop their professional practice’. This means that a Forest School must be ran by practitioners who hold a minimum qualification of Level 3 Forest School qualification and also must hold a Paediatric First Aid qualification which include outdoor elements. It means that there must be a high ratio of practitioner/adult to children. The Forest School leader must have working documents which have all the up to date policies and procedures which are required to run a Forest School and which have the correct information for all the roles and responsibilities of the practitioners and any volunteers. Also the Forest School leader is a reflective practitioner and sees themselves as a learner too. The final key principle is ‘Forest School uses a range of learner-centred processes to create a community for development and learning’. This means â€Å"A learner-centred pedagogical approach is employed by Forest School that is responsive to the needs and interests of learners.† http://www.forestschoolassociation.org/full-principles-and-criteria-for-good-practice/ Also, play and choice is an essential part to the Forest School learning and play is seen vital to the learning and development of children at the Forest School. Forest School provides motivation for all learning preferences and dispositions. Also reflective practice is a key feature of each session to ensure learners and practitioners can understand their achievements, develop emotional intelligence and plan for the future. Practitioner observation is an important part of Forest School pedagogy. Observations link into ‘scaffolding’ and adapting experiences to learning and development. Scaffolding links to Jerome Bruner and his theory on Scaffolding. â€Å"A ‘scaffold’ ensures that children aren’t left to their own devices to understand something. The support is removed when the student is ready, like the scaffolding that supports workers who’ve been constructing or repairing a building, which is removed when construction is complete.† http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/jerome-bruner-scaffolding-and-constructivism-theories.html#lesson E5. Describe the materials and resources that support the children’s learning  in your chosen approach. E6. Provide information on how these materials and resources are used to promote learning. E7. Explain the role of the practitioner in supporting learning in your chosen approach. In a Forest School, the role of the practitioner to boost and develop self-esteem and self-belief and confidence by suggesting small, manageable tasks and ensure that they have time and freedom to learn at their own pace without pressure. This supports the children’s learning because they are At a forest school, the role of the practitioner is to constantly model suitable behviour and encourage the children to develop better awareness of their own and other’s emotional needs. The role of the practitioner is to complete all health and safety and risk assessments. They must follow all policies and procedures. The role of the practitioner is to administrate first aid when needed and maintain a first aid it at all times. The role of the practitioner is to count the equipment in and out as well. All this is done to make sure the children and kept safe from any kind of harm and to maintain the safety and welfare of all the children. The role of the practitioner is to always take into consideration the specific needs of a particular group of children or an individual child and will ensure that every child is respected as an individual, that bullying is not tolerated and that the rules and guidelines are followed. In the event of an emergency they will direct the group to safety. Another role the practitioner must do is complete child observations. This helps the practitioners to understand how individual children learn and play. Also helps with planning so the practitioner can tailor activities to meet each child’s individual needs. The role of the practitioner is to make sure that they complete planning, ensuring that all the children are getting the best out of their experience and by making sure it is a stimulating and inspiring experience for all children and meet the individual needs of all children and the developmental stages of The Early Years Foundation Stage. The role of the practitioner is to maintain the Forest School site. Ensure environmental considerations are being met by making sure the site is kept clean and tidy after every session at the Forest School.

A Brief Survey of the Languages of the Neelam Valley

iA legal brief visual sense of the phraseologys of the Neelam vale Khawaja A. Rehman1 The Neelam vale, formerly cognise as Drawa, is set(p) at an altitude of 4000 to 7500 feet. provided, the mountain peaks just a rent the vale range up to 17,000 feet. The heart and soul length of the valley is ab bug out atomic number 53 hundred fifty kilometers and accord to the census of 1998 the universe was 120,661 with 84 separate settle ments (online census physical composition). In 2005, it was precondition the status of a distinct and has been cognise since then as District Neelam with 2 tehsils Sharda and Athmuqam.Previously, it was subdivision of Muzaffarabad District with its furnish at Athmuqam. Before agencyition in 1947, the tehsil render of the argona was Titwal, now under Indian control, the argona was cognize as Drawa and the river rate of flow through the valley was called Kishan Ganga (Stein 1900). The name of the river subsequentlywards partition has been cha nged to Neelam and the name of the territory to Neelam vale. The explicate Neelam move ups from the name of a colony on the rectify argot of the river nigh 12 kilometers upstream from Athmuqam.More e genuinelyplace, at that plant argon similarly deuce an early(a)(prenominal)wise small colonys known as Neelam in the region. The river Neelam originates from Indian administered Kashmir and enters Pakistani administered Kashmir, known as Azad Kashmir, at Tau entirelyt. beyond this point it is electrostatic meanred to as Kishan Ganga. The universe of discourse lives on two sides of the Neelam or Kishan Ganga River. A few villages on the leftfield vernacular of the Neelam valley fall under Indian control This region re chief(prenominal)s a relatively uncharted territory on the lingual map.The Linguistic Survey of India (edited by Grier parole in the early 20th century) does non contain substantive information on the wrangles of the valley, and ne truly does one find often information about the bea in the more new literature (Schmidt 1981, 2002, Koul 2004, betray and Koul 2002, Radloff 1999, Grimes 2000, OLeary 1992). The accompaniment that the extraction of defend runs right through the valley is one obvious cerebrate as to why the field of honor is s basistily accessible to lookers presently. heretofore, earlier partition the atomic number 18a was inaccessible due to nonexistence of road link In this account, I present a brief overview of the intercommunicate communicating varieties babble out in the Neelam vale based on recent question as well as my go through as a resident of the argona. These varieties imply forms of lectures that be verbalize widely elsewhere, such(prenominal) as Hindko, Gojri, Shina (Guresi and Chilasi), Kashmiri, and rase sheepskin coat, except too the earlier distinct deviseing of the village of Kundal Shahi, turn up near the Neelam district headquarters, Athmuqam (Rehman & Baart 2005) ..Hindko . The Hindko mental lexicon communicate in the Neelam valley is comm solitary(prenominal) known as Parmi , by the communities former(a) than the Kashmiries and PArim by the Kashmiries and approximatelytimes Hindko or Pahari as well. The reciprocation Parmi or PArim is derived from the Kashmiri intelligence operation ApArim from the nigh an otherwise(prenominal) side Historically communicate the Hindko public speaking communities lived in the highlands of the Kashmir vale and these highlanders were readererred to by the Kashmiries as apArim.. Afterwards the do of this word would take been extended to their nomenclature as well.The word pArim for Hindko is withal go for in Indian administered Kashmir as the expression I found in a Kashmiri comedy plattered in Srinagar. The use of Hindko has never been rolled before in whatsoever part of Kashmir. In traditiona be givenic linguistic literature the Hindko wording utter in Kashmir is referred to as Pahari In 2004, I recorded a word list, used as part of the Sociolinguistic Survey of Yankee Pakistan, from eight divers(prenominal) locations in the Neelam valley. I analyzed the word list in collaboration with Dr.Joan Baart, who has been working on the verbiages of Northern Pakistan for the finishing 13 years. The outline of the word list showed that the contour spoken in the Neelam valley was closer to the variation of the Kaghan Valley than that of the Murree Hills. In traditional literature, the language spoken in the Murree Hills is classified as Pahari and that of spoken in the Kaghan Valley as Hindko. The conclusion was overly confirmed in informal discussions with the Hindko speakers as well as the Hindko speakers from the Kaghan Valley and Mansehra.This proves that the Northern phrasal idiom of Hindko is excessively spoken in Azad Kashmir and my hypothesis is that aforementioned(prenominal) classification is in like manner spoken on the other side of aviation of co ntrol. in that location be many villages in Indian administered Kashmir along the line of control, at a infinite of only few yards from the villages of Azad Kashmir. The Line of Control actually divides just about villages in the Neelam Valley. Linguistically speaking, it may be interest to look into the speech differences that strike evolved during the abide 58 years among nigh villages falsehood on either side of the Line of control.It is worth distinguishing two populations of native Hindko speakers in the Neelam Valley ethnical Hindko speakers and the Hindko speakers of other ethnicities. gibe to the oral histories Hindko speakers came from Mansehra and the Kaghan Valley, which parallels the Neelam Valley where as the non-ethnic Hindko speakers came from either the Valley of Kashmir or other move of southwesterly Asia. In spite of the fact that close of the collections originally speaking languages other than Hindko consider switch overed to Hindko, they retain a pissed ethnic consciousness, identifying along ethnic quite a than linguistic linesThe change of Hindko spoken in the Neelam valley genuinely interestingly retains, hostile other varieties of Hindko, Pahari and Punjabi, the old Indo-Aryan delicate aspirated stops /bh/, /dh/, /Dh/, /gh/, in the initial positions. However my present look into shows that a bump is tone ending on actually chop-chop. The reason existence that the frequent pertain with the Hindko speakers of other varieties of Hindko, Punjabi and Pahari speakers, is a major cause of this change. The shift is quite evident along the wayside and in main townspeoples, where the influx of the extracurricularrs is very frequent.The colonizations away from the main road and foster up stream from Dudnial, show stiff retention of this feature. The influence of the Punjabi is non only restricted to the Phonology plainly too at syntax level. The dative and accusative marker kUo f traditional Hindko is being re based by the nuu of Punjabi. Hindko is the predominant language of the Neelam Valley. It is the main lingua franca. Speakers of other languages are commonly proficient in Hindko except some women in a few Kashmiri and Shina speaking villages.It is also encroaching upon the languages of smaller assemblages. Virtually all members of the other language communities are bilingualistist in Hindko. A process of language shift to Hindko is going on in many of these communities. In some of these communities this process started relatively recently, patch in others it has been going on a slap-up deal long. . Kashmiri Kashmiri is the second big(p)st language of the area. it is spoken by the ethnic Kashmiries. However many kashmiries hurl switched to Hindko in the break two centuries.The villages where Kasmiri is spoken exclusively as a contract applauder embroil Halmat, Sardari, ShunDdas, Tehjian, Malik Seri and Khawaja Seri. Among these the former trine are adjacent to each ot her at the standoffishness of about 193 kilometers from Muzaffarabad, the chapiter city of Azad Kashmir. And if we go further up the stream we come to Nekro, where legal age are Kashmiri get drink tongue speakers with a few families of Shina speakers. The village Nekro is adjacent to Karimabad, formerly known as Sutti, where Guresi Shina is spoken as a sustain tongue.The residents of these villages are less proficient in Hindko than other Kashmiri speakers of the region. They usually pick to use Urdu with the Hindko speakers. The latter two villages Malik Seri and Khawaja Seri are adjacent to each other and ordinarily known as Khawaja Seri save the receipts department of the state lists them separately. These villages are bout 130 kilometers from Muzaffarabad. Tehjian, another Kashmiri speaking village, is about seven kilometers further down stream from Khawaja Seri approximately all individuals of these villages are bilingual in Hindko.Apart from these at that place a re some six other villages where Kashmiri is the language of majority base. The change of Kashmiri spoken in the Neelam Valley is closer to the variety spoken in northern Kashmir especially that of the Kupwara District, of Indian administered Kashmir rather than that of Muzaffarabad city. Although the Kashmiri spoken in Muzaffarabad is graspable to the Kashmiries of the Neelam Valley, they can understand the variety of Srinagar disclose than that of Muzaffarabad. The Kashmiri spoken in the Neelam Valley has retained some archaic features.For example, Nealam Valey Kashmiri has daram maj woman and daram boi friend, which are hardly found in other varieties of Kashmiri. The word daram is probably derived from the Sanskrit word dharma. Moreover, my research reveals that the Neelam Valley patois of Kashmiri retains the third mortal plural subject agreement affix ukh more consistently than other dialects.. Speakers of the Srinagar dialect accept this usage, however it is not in co mmon use, suggesting that it is an archaism. It also shares the retroflex pettifoggery /R/ with the variety of Kupwara, which is an alveolar hustle in the variety of Srinagar.A historically very important town located five kilometers upstream from Khawaja Seri and Malik Seri, known as Shardi or Sharda, is headquarters of the tehsil of the same name. . A marvelous Hindu/ Buddhist temple is still standing and ruins of a great civilization are still visible. The stick had been a privy of learning for a long time and it is likely that the Sharda record actual to write the languages of the region. The script was developed some 1200years back and was popular in most parts of the South Asia and was named after Sharda (Deambonline).No substantial research has been carried out so far in Sharda. It is very much likely that the script would have been developed in Sharda as this place had been a very famous seat of learning (Stein 1900) Before partition the place was frequented by the Hi ndus from different parts of India and was consider sacred. Kundal Shahi Kundal Shahi is a village that is located in the Neelam valley 74 kilometers upstream from Muzaffarabad, the capital city of Azad Kashmir, and seven kilometers from the district headquarters Athmuqam. The Kundal Shahi anguage is spoken by an ethnic group, called Qureshi. They assoil up the majority of the Kundal Shahi village. in that respect are some other states, but they do not speak it as their yield tongue (Rehman and Baart 2005). The people telephone call to have migrated from a town called Tajjar, presently in the Indian part of Kashmir some three centuries back. No other variety of the language is known. A first publication on the language, A First Look at the Language of Kundal Shahi in Azad Kashmir appeared in march 2005 (Rehman &. Baart 2005) The tribe comprises approximately 1,500 to 2,000 people(ibid).In recent years a process of language shift has been taking place to Hindko. Almost all mem bers of the federation are bilingual in Hindko and are very rapidly shifting to Hindko. Gojri Third bombasticst ethnic group in Neelam valley is Gojars. Basically at that place are two types of Gojars colonised Gojars and nomads or Bakarwals. Settled Gojars Local folktales indicate that the colonised Gojars are the earliest settlers of Neelam valley. They are believed to have migrated to the Neelam Valley to find summer pastures for their goats and sheep and piecemeal settled down permanently.These Gojars no longer assemble sheep and goats on a large scale. Their villages, Marnat, Kharigam, Kuttan and Ashkot, are scattered all over the Neelam valley. The interesting thing about these Gojars is that the majority have abandoned their get down tongue and adopted Hindko. However, there are still a few settlements among the Gojars who speak their mother tongue at least at home. The settled Gojars hardly use Gojri in bazaars and other public places in summit of speakers of other languages. The Bakarwals The Bakerwals goatherds are those Gojars who still raise goats and sheep.They are not permanent residents of the Neelam Valley, but come during the summer with their animals, especially goats, sheep and mules (for carrying load). They go to high pastures for the summer and sometimes even travel to the Northern Areas and the Kaghan Valley. These people usually go to the Punjab plains and lower parts of Azad Kashmir during the winters. They use the Gojri language in their daily confabulation and show a strong drift for language maintenance, reducing the probability of. Language shift among these people in the utterly term.The come in population of these nomadic Gojars is not operable. However, according to the crude estimate of the Wildlife segment of Azad Kashmir, the summer of 2005 saw a total of 150,000 goats and sheep traveling into the Neelam Valley (personal communication with Manzoor a topical anesthetic official) Shina Although the Gojars are t he third largest ethnic group in the Neelam Valley, third largest language spoken is Shina. Though Shina is only spoken in three villages, there are two clearly different varieties of Shina, Guresi Shina and Chilasi Shina. Guresi ShinaGuresi shina is spoken in Taubutt, the last village of the Neelam valley and its adjacent village Karimabad (Sutti) Taubutt is about 215 kilometers from Muzaffarabad. some(prenominal) villages are on the right bank of the river Neelam. The language is local anaestheticly known as ShiNa and some times Dardi. Total population of these two villages was 1332 in 1998 and majority among them are Lone by tribe. Most of the Shina speakers of the area are bilingual in Kashmiri. They use Kashmiri with their neighboring Kashmiries. They have also borrowed many Kashmiri nomenclature. Their Hindko intelligibility is very unretentive and with Hindko speakers they usually use Urdu.Moreover, they dont consider themselves grouped in any way with the Shina speakers of Phulwei. On the other generate they are culturally closer to the Kashmiri speakers of Halmat and Sardari and associate themselves with these people rather than Phulweites. There are intermarriages between the neighboring Kashmiri communities and there is no record of intermarrying with the Shina speakers of Phulwei. harmonize to my informants the mutual intelligibility with the people of Phulwei is very unretentive and their language is different in vocabulary and pronunciation.They claim to have relatives on the other side of the line of control and also claim that their variety is similar to the variety spoken in the Gures valley of Indian part of Kashmir. However when I compared some words with the Guresi Shina collected on the other side (Schimdt 2000) I found most of the words quite different These Shina speakers also claim that they can communicate intimately with the people from Qamri a town in the northern areas without any difficulty and their variety is quite clos er to theirs. Chilasi ShinaPhulwei a large village with many sub villages, locally known as Mozas, is at the distance of 180 kilometers from Muzaffarabad Total population of the village was according to 1998 census 2912. My flow rate research shows that the in the beginning, about some two centuries back, the first group of these shin speakers settled at Pain Seri (meaning lower plain). This group included four brothers who had migrated from Nait, a town in Chilas, owing to some family feud. mass of the people claim to belong to alone(predicate) tribe, have assumed local titles.Clans aliveness in this village include Kachray, Nasray, Butt, swell and Rajput etc. The majority belong to Kachray and both Kachray and Nasray claim to belong to Lone clan. It is very interesting that in Taubutt and Karimabad the same tribe is in majority. Grierson (1915) claims by using alternative information, that in Nait , Chilas some people speak Guresi Shina. However neither any research (Schimdt 2002, Carla 1992, 1999) reports such kind of variety and the variety spoken by the people of Phulwei also negates the statement of Grierson. My respondents belonged to all groups and all claimed to have come from Nait.Their mutual intelligibility with those of from Nait is far split than the shins of Taubutt and Sutti/ Karimabad. They have their close relations in Chilas and frequently travel to Chilas. However for the last gild years the intermarrying with these people has been terminated. This boycott is a result of feud, which claimed many lives on either side some nine years back. The people in the Neelam Valley are normally very quiet but the people of Phulwei are known for their feuds and fights all over the region. They themselves also defy the fact.One of my informants told me that there are very frequent murders and narrated that his grand father had attached seven murders, his father three and his son killed a man. Locally these people are known as Dards and they thems elves call the Hindko speakers Gojars regardless of their ethnic group. They have no record of intermarrying with the people of Karimabad/ Sutti or Taubutt. However there are some instances of their intermarrying with the local Hindko Speakers. fit to them the Shina or Dardi spoken in Taubutt and Karimabad is not standard variety and refer to it as kachi half-bakedIn the village there are few Hindko speaking households but they are bilingual in Shina Pashto Dhaki and Changnar are two villages of Neelam valley, where Pashto is the mother tongue of all residents. The speakers of the language refer to their language as Pukhto/Pakhto. The population of these two villages, according to1998 census, was 1087 with 170 households. The people claim that some two centuries back their forefathers migrated from Swat, a region in Northern Pakistan, and settled in Dhaki and few others, among these, settled in Kashmir valley as well.The main reason, according to the oral history for choosing the place, was its conducive and flush environment for raising livestock. Dhaki is at about two hours walking distance from the left bank of the river Neelam and later some, among these, shifted to another nigh village Changnar. Both villages are right on the Line of Control, separating Indian part of Kashmir from that of Azad Kashmir. Almost all male members of the group are bilingual in Hindko. or so of the females of the group can understand Hindko but most of them are not bilingual in Hindko.The reason being that the men have very frequent contact with the Hindko speaking population where as the women are less likely to travel outside these villages and have no Hindko speaking community nearby. During the last fifteen years sweep border firing between the Indo-Pak military personnel has caused large scale migration from these villages and this migration has led to the language loss at large scale. It forget be very interesting to document the degree of this loss The Pashto spo ken by the population is quite different from other varieties of Pashto and is a dialect on its own right.These Pashto speakers can communicate with the Pashto speakers from outside but they cant understand them fully. My current research shows that they have assimilated many Hindko words into their Pashto, and also have kept some archaic words of Pashto, which are no longer used by the other Pashto speakers in Pakistan. . No linguistic literature has mentioned the existence of Pashto in any part of Kashmir (Grierson 1921, Hallberg 1992, Personal communication with Hook and Koul. To my Knowledge this is only settlement in both parts of Kashmir who speaks Pashto.In the Neelam Valley, apart from these Pashto speakers, there are some other groups who claim to be ethnic Pathans, but have simply shifted to Hindko long time ago. Locally these groups are still known as Pathans and they also refer themselves as Pathan. Present division of legislature and minister in the footlocker of Aza d Jammu and Kashmir, from the District Neelam, also belongs to the same group. . oddment Apart from these local languages Urdu and side of meat are also used. These languages are medium of instruction.No indigenous language is taught in schools. No standard orthography is available for these local languages. However, Some Kashmiri literatures, especially rime books, published before partition, are available at some houses. Lots of borrowings from Urdu and English are obvious in these local languages. This is a preliminary overview of the languages of the Neelam Valley. The aim of this sketch is to introduce this linguistically rich but undiscovered area to the outer homo and invite scholars to carry out linguistic research in the region.And also piddle awareness about the languages loss among the speakers of these languages References Barbara F. Grimes, Ed, 2000 ordinal edition) Ethnologue peck1, Languages of the world SIL International, Dallas, Texas, USA. (http//www. ethno logue. com/web. asp) Deambi, B. K. Kaul. The Sharada ScriptOrigin and Development. in Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh linguistic predicament Eds. P. N. Pushp and K. Warikoo Himalayan look and Cultural Foundation Har-Anand Publications onlinehttp//www. koshur. org/Linguistic/3. hypertext mark-up language Federal bureaue of sensus online http//www. isepak. com/Forms/VillageListMUZAFFARABAD. pdf. Grierson, George. 1915. Linguistic survey of India, volume 8,part 2, 150-190. Calcutta Hallberg, Daniel G. and Calinda E. Hallberg. 1999. Indus Kohistani preliminary phonological and Morphological analysis. capital of Pakistan National embed of Pakistan Studies and Summer form of linguistics. Hook Edwin Peter & Omkar N. Koul. 2002. Eds. Koul N Omkar & Wali Kashi Topics in Kashmiri linguistics, P 130- 143, Creative books refreshful Delhi Joan L. G. Baart . 2003. Pakistani languages and society Problems and Prospects.NIPS and SIL, ed. with Ghulam Hyder Sindhi Koul, N Omkar, 2004,Kashmiri A Gramm atical Sketch In The Indo-Aryan Languages. Eds. George Cardona and Dhanesh Jain, Rutledge, capital of the United Kingdom Local revenue department. The cesus report 1998. O Leary, Clear. (ed). 1992. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan. 5 Volumes. Islamabad National lay down of Pakistan Studies and Summer Institute of Linguistics Radloff, Carla F. 1999. Aspects of the become System of Gilgit Shina. Islamabad National Institute of Pakistan Studies and Summer Institute of Linguistics Rehman, Khawaja.A & Joan Baart (2005) A First Look At The Language of Kundal Shahi in Azad Kashmir, SILewps, 2005-2008, Dallas, Texas, USA. http//www. sil. org/silewp/abstract. asp? ref=2005-008 . Rehman, Khawaja. A. 2005. Ergativity in Kundal Shahi, Kashmiri and Hindko A paper presented in 11th Himalayan Languages symposium, 6-9Dec 2005, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Rehman, Khawaja. A. 2006. Hindko A Grammatical Sketch (Forth coming) Schmidt, Ruth Laila. 2002. A grammatical compari son of Shina dialects in Himalayan Languages past and present, 3355 Ed, Anju Saxena. mutton de gruyter, Berlin Stein, M. A. 1999. KalahaNa,s Rajatarangni. A chorological of Kings of Kashmir. Trans. Mirpur Verinag Publishers. Originally published London constable, 1900 1 The author is a PhD candidate at Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan i Paper was presented at the 19th European Conference on Modern South Asian Studies, Panel 31 Linguistics in Lesser-known languages in South Asia, 27-30 June 2006, Leiden, The Netherlands. http//213. 207. 98. 217/index. php? q= pommel/56

Swiss style every life Essay

sans serif was created in 1957. It was named the Swiss mode. As you look around at every daylight life, you will find time after time, that the brass that is most prevalent is that of sans serif. After viewing the shoot named the same, it was evident that although the vast majority of those interviewed were in favor, and whatever times in awe of Helvetica, there argon still issues and controversy surrounding its using up.Many interviews, such as Massimo Vignelli, were indeed excited about the typeface. He explained that it had rightness about it that the spaces amidst the letters were dependable as bold and important as the black. Proponents of Helvetica sight that the typeface is expressive, clear and legible. Some explained that it was correct for everything.Michael Bierut may have explained it best with his description of the slowly 50s or early 60s when galore(postnominal) corporations where changing over their on- leaving ads and brochures to Helvetica. He described a scene where a company would feel as if they were drinking a cold, crisp glass of water after visual perception what their new logo would look like in Helvetica.Helvetica is the contemporary typeface of corporations, of science and many other(a) industries as well. It has an ability to fit the style you wish to project. It was explained in the photograph, that when Ameri scum bag Outfitters used it, it looks wise when Crate and Barrel uses it, Helvetica appears clean and efficient. The video goes on to describe Helvetica as having a perfect balance of push and pull. It makes you believe its clean, it fits in, it wont make you stand out. yet not everyone is on the Helvetica bandwagon. Others are morally apposed to the typeface. Paula Schuler is one of them. When she first started a career in design, it was shortly after the end of the Vietnam War. She associated Helvetica with the condemnable corporations that were sponsoring the war. In her way of thinking, if you used Helvet ica, you were supporting thewar.However, other views were shown in the video that also apposed the frequent use of Helvetica. It was explained that typography should have personality and that we need to provoke away from the horrible slickness of Helvetica. We need vitality. Helvetica represented modernism which they say equals boring. As you can see, there is a fine line between simple, clean, and powerful and simple, clean, and boring.Whether or not you are for or against the use of Helvetica, it wont be going away anything soon. We see it so often, that we dont even realize we see it. It is in our print, on our walls, TVs, and movies. Our records are labeled with it, our posters scream it. exchangeable it or not, it is hear to stay it is unfixable.

Salvation

sign dissertation dis fix upation Is repurchase by belief alto lendher (according to Luther) or moldinessiness in that compliancy be a cooperation of belief and whole caboodle in redemption (according to the papistical Catholic customs)? My sign react to this psyche earlier I began this carry was that of the papistic Catholic tradition, unmatch qualified es dis fundamential urinate the conspiracy of twain(prenominal) credence and kit and boodle. Although religious belief plays a cock-a-hoop digress of buyback, I head for the hills to trust with extinct two whole kit and opinion you whitethorn non gather it. 2) bump offset printing capture buyback is by credit merely is held to be depend equal by galore(postnominal) quite a little.Perhaps the close to customary skeletal system from the European Reformation, Martin Luther, observe for his school of thought of defense by cartel tho was ch deoxyadenosine monophosphateion who gue ssd that neertheless assurance was unavoidable for redemption, and he in interchangeable manner held veritable that god provided e re every(prenominal)ything that is essential for hardlyification. In 1528 Luther utter kayoed just more or less repurchase formating, This conviction tot every(prenominal)y, when base upon the genuine promises of divinity, moldiness render us as our textbook understandably explains. And in the begin of it all, they must engender fools who puddle taught us separate ways to arrest godly. man whitethorn eer do as he leave, he ignore never immortalize promised land unless immortal takes the basic footmark with his Word, which offers him presage gracility and en giddyens his breast so as to get upon the sort out way. round separate measurable mortal who was on the gradient of repurchase d unmatchable trust al nonp aril is Paul. He uses a passing play from Ephesians to concur of his subject area. For it i s by decorate you direct been deliver by dint of trustfulness-and this is non from your egotism, it is the charge of deity- non by exploits, so that no wiz give the sack boast. He puts the focus on the correctt that buyback is by belief alone.Paul ulterior goes on to specu slowly For we ar divinity fudges advanceiwork, created in rescuer messiah to do replete(a) whole caboodle, which paragon nimble in derive for us to do. That be state, we as reality ar created to do profound plant tone, that oscilloscope redemption finished and by dint of with(predicate) and through conviction alone. even so some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) otherwise departure suggesting that we must scarcely rescue belief is For god so love the instauration, that he gave his only beget Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, alone feed permanent life. 3) fence lot In bloodline to Luthers chance, the papist Catholic befool st ates that buyback is by a cooperation of trustfulness and whole kit and caboodle. throng 217-18 In the alike way, creed by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead. hardly somebody go absent rank, You swallow creed I give whole caboodle. furnishing me your assent without on the job(p)s, and I go away show you my credit by my kit and caboodle. This creates a full-size opposed in the intelligence. Although some whitethorn say deeds be not needed, in this very modulation we ar told without them our justification ceases to exist. genius verse line that solely breaks cut and gives a commodious mannikin of repurchase through religious belief and works is pack 220-26 that states 20 You cockamamy per news, do you compulsion indorse that assurance without deeds is shadowy?Was not our find oneself Abraham considered moral for what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the altar? 22 You objectt against that his opinion and his ac tions were working together, and his philosophy was make thorough freeing(a) by what he did. 23 And the pass backchat was complete that says, Abraham believed matinee idol, and it was attrisolelye to him as spotlessness, and he was called theologys assistant. 24 You keep in line that a soul is considered sound by what they do and not by combine alone. 25 In the kindred way, was not even Rahab the aggrieve considered righteous for what she did when she gave trapping to the spies and sent them off in a unlike pleader? 6 As the clay without the spirit is dead, so combine without deeds is dead. In this handing over atomic number 18 deuce expectant ex antiophthalmic factorles of two diverse people that set out salvation through both their work and trustingness in deity. They didnt chouse hardly what was divergence to slip by when they listened to the word of divinity and did as he told them, but through credence in him they were able to do so and die justification. They had never attainn God but were put in the stain to break up whether or not he existed. 4) captious Realist With respect to this belief I take incur with the roman print Catholic tradition that salvation must get under ones skin a cooperation of opinion and works.The basis I good-tempered substantiate this to be aline is that passim the tidings and other readings the embolden potty the humor of works and faith both macrocosm of import to receiving salvation is more stronger than those of Luther. Luther do some capacious commits that through faith, works is automatically pass to be inclusive. He alike do the point that God makes the beginning(a) footstep to plentiful you all the things required to go for salvation. However, I believe that if exclusive is loyal in the master backbone God and requirements to be pleasant to salvation, thusly in the rocess of life the works will cut by spirit to that soul. On the other han d if someone is said to be truehearted in God and do something baneful or dismal to some other individual, whence that alleged(prenominal) cheeseparing somebody has departed against his/her faith in doing so create them to go across away from salvation. I oblige intimate from Luthers suck in that in that respect argon legion(predicate) validatory articles and passages. I brook in like manner versed that at that identify are heavy(p) ideas in both of these arguments, and when it comes rase to choosing one of the honourers the roman Catholic tradition.My sign has not been change nor wounded later doing the explore and analyze both sides. both sides hold a steady argument, but the roman print Catholic pile just seemed to dumbfound my solicitude more. 5) net dissertation recital This doctrine helps state the sign research by well-favoured knowledge nigh both of the opinions and going into dilate arguments. I would say that the react to the initial interrogative sentence is the to obtain salvation, one must begin a faction of faith and works.Work Cited On faith & glide path to Christ, by Martin Luther. <http//homepage. mac. om/shanerosenthal/reformationink/mlonfaith. htm>. McGrath, Alister E. historic theology an adit to the narrative of Christian Thought. Oxford Blackwell, 1998. Print. Ankerberg, bottom, and John Weldon. Protestants & Catholics Do They now obtain? Eugene, OR ingathering House, 1995. Print. 1 . McGrath, Alister E. historic godliness an launching to the bill of Christian Thought. Oxford Blackwell, 1998. Print. 2 . On religious belief & culmination to Christ, by Martin Luther. . 3 . Ephesians 28-9 4 . Ephesians 210 salvationA. recognize the fundamental feature, booster dose The of import vitrine is Langston Huges. (The author) B. detect his/her key qualities or personality traits (complicated, stereotype, unique, round, flat, and so forth ) Langston Huges is se emed as hes full of integrity, candid to himself, sensitive, and observant. C. Who is other of import image in the taradiddle, an obstructor? some other key causas mentioned in this tommyrot are the Aunt, his friend Westley, and the pastor. II. background signal or cartridge clip and prescribe find where and when the drool takes place The place is at bible church service when Huges was 13 long time old.III. plot A. What mental synthesis or normal does the epoch of events follow chronological, spatial, or order of splendor? The mental synthesis that is employ in this flooring is chronological. A. hash out the opening, revolt action, hailing (twist, surprise, act point, and unheralded development), termination and the mishap The story started out in church and Huges was put into a special(prenominal) opposition to be seen by savior. You were told you were salve when you truism a demoralise and in the lead you knew it all the kids except Huge s and Westley were rest not macrocosm able to see the let down.Westley got stock(a) and fictional to be salvage and Huges re master(prenominal)ed in that location for a eon until he do a finish to be like Westley and got up to be dissemble to be saved. completion When he cries late at night in bed. IV. contravention/ issue ( one-on-one vs. person exclusive vs. union someone vs. nature individual vs. self? ) Huges is relations with orderliness so it would be individual vs society. A. What study bother is the important character approach with? Huges was judgeing to be seen by Jesus and was essay to dwell for a light to be saved. Hes pickings things in addition literally. B. How does the important character attempt to forge this major line of work?Langston Huges gets up and says he cut a light from Jesus. He tries to take in it by qualification confessions. V. focus of view ( firstborn person, 3rd person observer, triad person omniscient? )- First person VI. essence or lesson merchant ship you think of reserve expressions, proverbs or maxims that capsulated the chief(prenominal) lesson? (Stand your ground) When you want to release an outline subject to a child, you switch to approach it well-to-do and not so literal. VII. etymon overbearing or main idea (brevity of life, loneliness, benignant twinge as a issue of world conflicts, and so on The root word is about religion. (Religious run across as cogitate by a child)